Jomini’s Ghost
Army Lt. Col. Robert Bateman, while discussing the need for a BRAC for general officers, argues that
One of the deepest philosophical differences between Clausewitz and Jomini was their view of the role of politics in warfare. Clausewitz famously argued that the two are inexorably interwoven and fundamentally unseparable. Jomini, on the other hand, attempted to define a sphere of military expertise distinct from political interference. Jomini’s attempts to distil fundamental truths of warfare assumed the existance of a sphere of military expertise within which civilians must not tread.the balance of power between the military and the civilians appointed over the military [after the Civil War] seems to have shifted slightly. The easy referent authority Lincoln enjoyed no longer could be taken for granted. Generals were now something different. They were seen by the public as the products of long and sustained experience, and specialized education in the art of war.
Jomini inclined far more towards the scientific application of military force than Clausewitz ever did. Thus, while the US military pays significant omage to Clausewitz at the strategic level, its operational and tactical organization is more in line with Jomini (as argued here). I would further argue that, while on subjects like civilian control the US military quotes Clausewitz, current doctrine displays Jominian assumptions. The elavation of the scientifically precise targeting drill to strategic doctrine owes more to Jomini than Clausewitz.
I think this has profound implications for currrent civil-military relations. Part of the reluctance of civilian leaders to exercise the sort of clear control exercised by Lincoln stems from their (likely unrealized) acceptance of the Jominian perspective that they must have specialized knowledge to intrude into the mysterious realm of military science. Clausewitz’s more complicated view of the unavoidable tangle between politics and the conduct of war doesn’t provide neat answers yet it better describes the character of warfare. When political leaders abdicate the responsibility to define goals, one experiences what Lt. Col. Bateman describes as “interminable hand-wringing over metrics - which the U.S. military has engaged in since at least 1966″ ultimately creating a process in which “technically, nobody ever actually fails.”
(H/T for original prompt to Dave Axe)
